Congress has passed the final version of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, and it’s now headed to President Trump for signature. The law includes major tax changes, many of which are permanent, affecting individuals, families, and small businesses. Here’s what you need to know:
Key Tax Changes for Individuals
Tax Brackets and Standard Deduction
- Tax rates stay lower: The 2017 Trump tax cuts are made permanent, with a new system to adjust brackets for inflation.
- Bigger standard deduction (starting in 2025):
- $15,750 for single filers
- $23,625 for heads of household
- $31,500 for married couples filing jointly
- Adjusted annually for inflation
SALT Cap (State & Local Tax Deduction)
- Cap increases: From $10,000 to $40,000 starting in 2025
- Adjusts with inflation through 2029
- Reduces for high-income earners (MAGI over $500,000), but never below $10,000
Senior Deduction
- People 65+ can take a $6,000 deduction (2025–2028)
- Phases out if your income is over $75,000 ($150,000 for joint filers)
Child Tax Credit
- Increases to $2,200 per child (starting in 2025)
- Keeps the $1,400 refundable portion and expands it
- Keeps the $500 credit for non-child dependents
- Higher income thresholds stay in place ($200,000/$400,000)
Business Owners (QBI Deduction)
- The 20% deduction for qualified business income is now permanent
- Income limits are raised, especially for service businesses
- A new $400 minimum deduction is added for those with at least $1,000 in qualifying income
Mortgage Interest
- Keeps the cap on mortgage interest deduction at $750,000
- Home equity loan interest still doesn’t qualify
- Mortgage insurance premiums are now deductible
Estate and Gift Taxes
- The exemption is permanently raised to $15 million for individuals, $30 million for couples (from 2026)
- Adjusted for inflation
Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT)
- Permanent higher exemption amounts
- More aggressive phaseout starts once income hits $500,000/$1 million
Itemized and Other Deductions
Miscellaneous Deductions
- Most remain suspended
- But teachers’ out-of-pocket classroom expenses are still deductible
Casualty Losses
- You can only deduct personal losses from federally or certain state-declared disasters
Pease Limitation Replaced
- The rule that reduced itemized deductions for high earners is gone
- New rule: deductions reduced by 2/37 of excess income
Temporary Deductions (2025–2028)
Tips
- Deduct up to $25,000 in tip income (for waitstaff, barbers, etc.)
- Applies to both W-2 employees and contractors
- Begins phasing out at $150,000 income
Overtime Pay
- Deduct up to $12,500 (or $25,000 jointly) in qualified overtime income
- Must be properly reported by your employer
- Also phases out above $150,000/$300,000
Car Loan Interest
- Up to $10,000 per year in car loan interest is deductible (2025–2028)
- Only for U.S.-made cars, with personal use
- Phases out at $100,000/$200,000 income
Family & Education Provisions
Adoption Credit
- Now partially refundable, up to $5,000
Dependent Care
- Employer-provided care exclusion increases to $7,500
- Child and dependent care credit now covers 50% of expenses, up from 35%
529 Plans
- Now cover elementary, secondary, and credentialing expenses (not just college)
“Trump Accounts” (Kids’ Retirement Accounts)
- New retirement-style savings accounts for minors
- Contributions capped at $5,000/year, adjusted for inflation
- $1,000 tax credit for parents who open one (children born 2025–2028)
Student Loans & Education
Loan Discharge
- Student loan forgiveness due to death or disability stays tax-free
- SSN now required on tax return
Charitable Contributions
Non-Itemizers Can Deduct
- Up to $1,000 ($2,000 for couples) in donations
- Itemizers face a 0.5% minimum threshold for deduction
Scholarship Donations
- New credit of up to $5,000 for donating to scholarship-granting groups
- Subject to national $4 billion cap
Business Provisions
- 100% Bonus Depreciation and Sec. 179 Expensing made permanent
- R&D expenses can now be deducted immediately (in U.S. only)
- Paid Family Leave credit is permanent
- Employer-provided child care credit increases to $500,000
Clean Energy Incentives Rolled Back
Many green energy credits are being phased out or repealed, including:
- Electric vehicle credits (Sept 2025)
- Clean fuel and energy credits (various dates through 2028)
- 179D commercial energy efficiency (ends June 2026)
Other Notable Changes
Reporting Thresholds
- 1099-K threshold restored to $20,000 and 200 transactions
- 1099-NEC/1099-MISC reporting threshold raised from $600 to $2,000
ERC Claims and Promoters
- New penalties for fraud related to employee retention credit (ERC) claims
SSN Requirements
- SSN required to claim certain education credits


